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Knowledge Box Archive | home
Belle Starr
Belle Starr
She was born Myra Maybelle Shirley near Carthage, Missouri, into a farming family. Her family moved to Carthage in the 1860s, and her father became an inn owner. After the Union attack on Carthage in 1864, the Shirleys moved to Scyene, Texas. At Scyene, the Shirleys became associated with a number of Missouri-born criminals, including Jesse James and the Youngers. There was a legend that she had a relationship with Cole Younger which was fictionalized into a work published after her death. She certainly knew the Younger brothers and the James boys because she grew up with them in Missouri, and her brother, Bud, served with them in Quantrill's Raiders in the Confederate Army, alongside another local Missouri boy, Jim Reed.
After the Civil War
After the war the Reed family, too, moved to Scyene and she married Jim in 1866, giving birth to her first child, Rosie Lee (nicknamed Pearl) in 1868. Jim soon turned to crime and, wanted for murder, the family moved to California, where their second child, James Edwin (Eddie) was born in 1871. Returning to Texas, Jim worked with a number of criminal gangs. In April 1874, despite a lack of evidence, a warrant was issued for her arrest over a stage coach robbery carried out by her husband and others. Jim was killed in Paris, Texas, in August of that year.
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Marriage to Sam Starr
According to the fiction that grew up around her after her death she was briefly married to Bruce Younger in 1878, but again, this was entirely unsubstantiated by any primary evidence. But she did marry a Cherokee Indian in 1880 named Sam Starr and settled on Starr family land in Indian Territory. In 1883, she and Sam were charged with horse theft and went to trial in "Hanging" Judge Isaac Parker's Federal District Court in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Found guilty, she served six months at the Detroit House of Corrections in Detroit, Michigan. In 1886, she escaped conviction on another theft charge, but Sam Starr was shot and killed in December, possibly in a drunken brawl.
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Belle Starr's unsolved murder
After Sam died, the legend has her associated with several men (almost all of whom died violently and some on Judge Parker's gallows at Fort Smith), but again, without foundation. In fact, in order to hang on to her interests in her residence on Indian land she very quickly married a member of Sam's extended family, Jim July Starr. Later, in 1889, she was, herself, killed; although her murder was (briefly) investigated, it is considered "unsolved".
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Belle Starr's story becomes popularized
Although an obscure, quiet figure throughout most of her life, her story was picked up by the dime novel publisher, Richard K. Fox (who had the reputation of being lax with regard to historical accuracy or the rigours of historical research). Fox made her name famous with the novel Belle Starr, the Bandit Queen, or the Female Jesse James, published in 1889 (the year of her unsolved murder). Unfortunately, this work of fiction is still often mistakenly cited as a historical reference. It was the first of many popular stories that used her name.
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Belle Starr's children
Her son Eddie was convicted of horse theft and receiving stolen property in July 1889 and Judge Parker sent him to prison in Columbus, Ohio. Belle's daughter, Rosie Reed, also known as Pearl Starr, went into prostitution to raise funds for his release resulting in a presidential pardon in 1893. Eddie eventually became a police officer and was killed in the line of duty in December 1896.
Evidently finding a good living in prostitution, Pearl went on to operate a group of bordellos in Van Buren and Fort Smith, Arkansas, from the 1890s until World War I.
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